In January 2021, the government published the ‘Skills for Jobs: Lifelong Learning for Opportunity’ white paper. This outlined that the future of the technical education system will be based on employer needs with the substantial majority of post-16 technical and higher technical education and training aligned to occupational standards, set by the Institute and developed and approved by employers.
This system will lead to a common set of employer-led standards that define the content of technical courses, qualifications, and apprenticeships.
Occupational standards are developed by employers for occupations that meet the Institute’s current occupation criteria.
Along with an end-point assessment plan (EPA) and funding band, the occupational standard is a component part of an apprenticeship.
However, occupational standards are not just component parts of apprenticeships but are also used in the development of T Levels, and underpin other Institute-approved technical qualifications. This means that occupational standards can form the basis of an apprenticeship, or a technical qualification (or both) and they should be developed with that in mind.
If you think an occupation is suitable for the development of an occupational standard, and if your Product Manager (PM) agrees, the first stage of the process is to complete an occupation proposal.
If we agree to your occupation proposal, the next stage is to develop the occupational standard.
If you are developing an occupational standard as part of an apprenticeship, you will also need to develop the end-point assessment (EPA) plan and collect funding evidence. Doing these together ensures a coherent package.
Occupational standards are used by:
When they are developed as part of an apprenticeship, occupational standards are used by:
Your product manager (PM) can lead a workshop to help you develop your occupational standard.
You need to use apprenticeship builder to develop your occupational standard. If you are developing an apprenticeship, you also need to use the builder for your EPA. You also use it to submit them to the approvals process, along with your funding evidence (for apprenticeships) and any supporting evidence.
Any information entered in the apprenticeship builder at the occupation proposal stage that is needed for the occupational standard will carry through. However, you may need to refine the information as you develop the occupational standard. For example, to address any feedback received from us or if you identify changes are needed.
The occupational standard must: be short, concise and clear and written to the Institute’s format
We will assess this by: determining that it has been expressed concisely and clearly confirming that the occupational standard meets the format required
The occupational standard must: be based on a clear occupational profile setting out the duties carried out by employees in the occupation and including the knowledge, skills and behaviours (KSBs) which will be applied in the workplace and are derived directly from the duties.
We will assess this by: assessing whether any feedback received at the occupation proposal stage has been incorporated verifying that the occupation continues to meet our occupation requirements confirming that the KSBs are developed directly from each of the duties in the occupational profile confirming that the KSBs statements meet our guidance in terms of format and structure
The occupational standard must: define the full competence in an occupation so that, on completion, the new entrant to the occupation is able to carry out the role in any size of employer across any relevant sector.
We will assess this by: assessing that the occupation is in demand from a range of employers using commonly understood or similar occupation/job titles and with substantially common duties, and KSBs verifying that the full KSBs required for a new entrant to the occupation (beyond generally expected prior knowledge & skills) is agreed across a range of employers, including reviewing the outcomes of your consultation
The occupational standard must: align with regulatory requirements and professional recognition and allows the individual to apply for this.
We will assess this by: scrutinising the supporting evidence to confirm that the occupational standard meets the requirements of regulatory or professional bodies.
You need to set out the knowledge, skills and behaviours (KSBs) required to be competent in the occupation profile’s duties. The Institute will consider these KSBS when assessing the extent to which technical qualifications are aligned to a standard (and this will inform the Institute’s decision whether or not to approve the qualification). They will also form the basis of an apprenticeship’s on-and-off-the-job training.
Knowledge - the information, technical detail, and ‘know-how’ that someone needs to have and understand to successfully carry out the duties. Some knowledge will be occupation-specific, whereas some may be more generic.
Skills - the practical application of knowledge needed to successfully undertake the duties. They are learnt through on- and/or off-the-job training or experience.
Behaviours - mindsets, attitudes or approaches needed for competence. Whilst these can be innate or instinctive, they can also be learnt. Behaviours tend to be very transferable. They may be more similar across occupations than knowledge and skills. For example, team worker, adaptable and professional.
If you are developing an apprenticeship, the EPA will test an apprentice’s competency against the KSBs, rather than the duties. It is important to consider how they will be assessed as you develop them.
Occupational standards typically have:
It is not necessary for knowledge statements to always have a corresponding skill or behaviour statement. Knowledge may underpin several skills and behaviours.
You need to identify (map) the KSBs required to undertake each duty. Each KSB is likely to be needed for more than one duty. Only map the most relevant KSBs to each duty. You need to ensure that each KSB is mapped to at least one duty.
How to write good KSBs:
The skills builder universal framework has guidance on common skills and behaviours. These include teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, creativity, speaking, listening, aiming high, and staying positive.
The digital skills framework has guidance on digital characteristics in an occupational context and across occupational levels for problem- solving, digital collaboration and communication, transacting, organisational security and handling data securely.
The sustainability framework sets out the key themes for all employers to consider, no matter what sector they are in. This is a helpful guide, to ensure employers can consider how every apprenticeship can contribute to climate change goals.
Examples of behaviours at different levels based on existing occupational standards, to help you develop relevant behaviours relevant to your occupational standard.
You must consult on your occupational standard. This is to give employers who are not part of your trailblazer group and other interested persons/organisations an opportunity to input. This may include trade associations, professional bodies, training providers, and for apprenticeships, EPAOs.
It is up to you how you carry out the consultation. It may, for example, be via an on-line survey or holding workshops.
You will need to reflect on the comments you receive and make any changes you want to your occupational standard.
In your submission, you need to include details of who and how you have consulted, what the results were, and changes made to the occupational standard as a result. Apprenticeship builder has a section to enter this information.
During the approvals process, we take account of evidence from your consultation.
To practice in some occupations (professions), it is a legal requirement for individuals to be registered with a statutory regulator. Registration with the statutory regulator is required for the individual to practice in their chosen occupation on completion of their studies.
Occupational standards must be recognised by the relevant statutory regulator.
The government’s minimum English and maths qualification level requirements for an apprenticeship are:
The text needed for the apprenticeship level will be pre-entered in apprenticeship builder.
Please note that, when applying the new degree apprenticeships policy, different criteria to those detailed below apply to mandating degrees. See section 2 of our degree apprenticeship 2022 requirements and guidance for further details.
In some cases a qualification may be mandated for all apprentices on an apprenticeship. Where mandated, it must be completed as a ‘gateway’ requirement before the apprentice takes the EPA. Potentially mandated qualifications fall into the following two broad types:
Type 1 – a qualification that accredits occupational competence, for example an NVQ (National Vocational Qualification: still available as a brand within the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF). Summative assessment in these qualifications duplicates EPA and costs a relatively large amount of money to deliver, drawing resources away from training.
Type 2 - covers off-the job technical qualifications (for example ‘day release’ qualifications) and short awards (for example food safety and manual handling certificates) which are usually delivered off-the-job. These qualifications do not accredit occupational competence, do not duplicate EPA and add very little to the cost of the apprenticeship, as the off-the-job training would be required and funded anyway.
Qualifications of either type may be mandated where they are:
In addition, type 2 qualifications that do not meet one of these criteria may still be mandated where they:
A technical qualification of this type can be at a different level (if higher, normally only one level higher) to the occupational level of the apprenticeship as a whole.
The inclusion of a qualification based on being a regulatory, professional body or hard sift requirement in an occupational standard should usually only be a temporary requirement (with the exception of degree apprenticeships). The apprenticeship standard itself should be designed to meet the requirements of a regulatory or professional body and employers in the sector. Over time, as apprenticeships gain currency, individuals will no longer be disadvantaged in the job market by not having a specific qualification, and the need to mandate it should fall away. However, we understand that there may be some situations, for example. a fixed legislative requirement, where this may not be possible.
In the case of both types, qualifications cannot be mandated unless they are already available for use by employers and training providers.
This table sets out our qualifications in an apprenticeship requirements
|
Regulatory requirement |
Professional body requirement |
‘hard sift’ |
Provides full breadth and/or structure for off-the-job |
Levels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the regulatory body will not recognise the apprenticeship itself Evidence required |
If the professional body will not recognise the apprenticeship itself Evidence required |
Evidence required Only for a limited time (except degree apprenticeships) |
No |
The qualification must be at the same level as the apprenticeship occupation |
|
Regulatory requirement |
Professional body requirement |
‘hard sift’ |
Provides full breadth and/or structure for off-the-job |
Levels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If the regulatory body will not recognise the apprenticeship itself Evidence required |
If the professional body will not recognise the apprenticeship itself Evidence required |
Evidence required
|
Trailblazer groups should make a case which shows full occupational breadth and/or structure re off-the-job |
The qualification does not need to be the same level as the apprenticeship occupation but normally only a single level if higher |
Where there is no mandated qualification in an apprenticeship, an employer and training provider can still choose to use one, provided the content aligns with the occupational standard and the employer pays the registration and certification fees.
If your occupational standard includes a mandatory qualification that accredits occupational competence, this should be at the same level as the occupation. If it includes a mandatory off-the-job technical qualification, the qualification level and occupation level does not need to be the same.
Except where applying the new degree apprenticeships policy referenced at the beginning of Section 7 above, the requirements for mandating a degree qualification are the same as for other apprenticeships.
When a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree is mandated, the apprenticeship is called a ‘degree apprenticeship.’
Degree apprenticeships can be structured in one of two ways – non-integrated and integrated, as determined by the trailblazer group and set out on the occupational standard and in the end-point assessment plan (EPA).
A degree within an apprenticeship will usually be mandated on the basis that it is a regulatory or professional registration requirement, given how widespread regulated or professional status is at this level. Where this is not the case, it is then possible that the degree may meet the ‘hard sift’ criterion.
For non-integrated degree apprenticeships, if one of the three primary criteria are not met then it is also possible to consider the criterion for mandating ‘off-the-job’ technical qualifications. This should not increase the cost significantly over and above what that cost would be for the required off-the-job training without the qualification. Integrated degrees cannot meet the criteria for type 2 qualifications, as they assess competence.
Where you are seeking to mandate a degree, you will need to include all the details of the qualification as detailed in apprenticeship builder and provide evidence for its inclusion as detailed. The route panel will use the evidence provided by you to form a view about whether the qualification can be mandated or not.
Individual employers and training providers can choose to use a degree qualification voluntarily as part of an apprenticeship when it is not mandated, providing the degree content aligns with all or part of the content of the occupational standard. In these circumstances, the registration and certification fees cannot be funded.
When you submit your apprenticeship documents to the approvals process, you need to provide evidence that the professional body(s) agree to how the occupational standard aligns or partially aligns with professional recognition.
You need to upload a letter of support from each relevant organisation. If a qualification is being included as a requirement of the professional body, the same letter can cover both points. Suggested wording for the professional body support letter.
When you submit your apprenticeship documents to the approvals process, you need to provide evidence that the regulator agrees the occupational standard aligns with the regulated occupation requirements (where applicable).
You need to upload a letter of support from the regulator. If a qualification is being included at the request of the regulator, the same letter can cover both points. Suggested wording for the regulator support letter.
You can find additional guidance on developing apprenticeships for occupations where there is a statutory regulator
You must not include any recommendations for training or curriculum specification, or on-programme assessment in your occupational standard or EPA plan.